# Spiritualism · The Canon · The Atlas · The Congregation of Tomorrow

Source: https://congregationoftomorrow.org/atlas/library/canon/spiritualism/ · The Congregation of Tomorrow · the Atlas · language: en
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The Canon · No. 093
Spiritualism
Modern Spiritualism
1848 CE – present · Esoteric / Occult · Living · US, UK, Brazil, Philippines
VII. THE MODERN AGE — 1800 – 1945
### How many
### Who began it
### What it is for
### What it worships
### What it holds
### What it does
### After death
### Its texts
### Its branches
### Of note
### Its timeline
- <strong>31 March 1848 CE</strong> The Hydesville rappings.
- 1850s CE Explosive growth in the US; séances in the White House under Mary Todd Lincoln.
- 1857 CE Kardec publishes The Spirits' Book.
- 1860s–1880s CE Overlap with abolition and women's suffrage — Spiritualism gave women a public speaking platform as mediums when almost nothing else did, and its rolls include Victoria Woodhull, the first woman to run for US president.
- 1882 CE The Society for Psychical Research founded to investigate the claims scientifically.
- <strong>1888 CE</strong> Margaret Fox publicly confesses that the rappings were produced by cracking her toe joints, and demonstrates it on stage. She recants the confession a year later. The movement continues regardless.
- 1914–1920s CE Enormous revival after the First World War and the influenza pandemic, driven by mass bereavement. Arthur Conan Doyle becomes its most famous advocate; Harry Houdini its most effective debunker, and their friendship ends over it.
- 1920s–30s CE Repeated exposure of fraudulent physical mediums.
- 1890s–present Kardecism takes root in Brazil and becomes a major national religion, unusually well integrated with medicine and philanthropy.
- 1951 CE The UK repeals the Witchcraft Act of 1735, under which mediums had still been prosecuted as recently as 1944, replacing it with the Fraudulent Mediums Act.
### Sources
Not yet checked against named sources. This entry is the house's reading; until it is checked, treat each claim as unverified. Correct it, with a source.
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