# Roman Catholicism · The Canon · The Atlas · The Congregation of Tomorrow

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The Canon · No. 050
Roman Catholicism
The Catholic Church
1054 CE (as a distinct communion) – present · Abrahamic · Living · Global; largest in Latin America, Europe, Philippines, sub-Saharan Africa
V. THE MEDIEVAL WORLD — c.500 – 1500 CE
### How many
### Who began it
### What it is for
### What it worships
### What it holds
### What it does
### After death
### Its texts
### Its branches
### Of note
### Its timeline
- c.33–64 CE Traditional dating of Peter's ministry and death at Rome.
- 440–461 CE Leo the Great asserts Roman primacy in strong terms.
- 800 CE Charlemagne crowned emperor by the pope; the western church-state alliance begins.
- 1054, 1204 CE Schism with the East, then the sack of Constantinople.
- 1075–1122 CE Investiture Controversy; the papacy wins the right to appoint bishops against imperial claims.
- 1231 CE Papal Inquisition established.
- 1309–1377 CE Avignon papacy; then the Western Schism, with up to three claimants.
- 1517 CE Luther; the Reformation splits Western Christianity.
- <strong>1545–1563 CE</strong> Council of Trent defines Catholic doctrine against Protestantism and reforms clerical abuses. It sets the shape of the church for four hundred years.
- 1633 CE Galileo condemned; formally acknowledged as an error by John Paul II in 1992.
- 1854, 1870, 1950 CE Immaculate Conception defined; papal infallibility defined at Vatican I; the Assumption defined.
- <strong>1962–1965 CE</strong> Second Vatican Council. Vernacular liturgy, religious freedom, ecumenism, and Nostra Aetate, which repudiates the charge of Jewish collective guilt and reframes relations with Judaism and Islam.
- 2002–present The clerical sexual abuse crisis breaks in Boston and then worldwide; the resulting inquiries in Ireland, Australia, Germany, France and elsewhere are the gravest institutional crisis in centuries.
- 2013 CE Benedict XVI resigns, the first pope to do so voluntarily since 1294; Francis elected, the first Jesuit and first Latin American pope.
### Sources
Not yet checked against named sources. This entry is the house's reading; until it is checked, treat each claim as unverified. Correct it, with a source.
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